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Cell-division The formation of new cells from persisting cell is called cell division. It is of two types. They are as follows. i) Mitosis cell division (mitotic cell division) ii) Meiosis cell division (meiotic cell division) i) Mitosis cell division (mitotic cell division) The cell division in which daughter cells are formed from a mother cell is called mitosis cell division (mitotic cell division). In this cell division, the number of chromosomes in each daughter cell is equal to the number of chromosomes in each mother cell. This cell division occurs in somatic cell. ii) Meiosis cell division (meiotic cell division) The cell division in which four daughter cells are formed from the a mother cell is called Meiosis cell division (meiotic cell division).In this cell division, the number of chromosomes in each daughter cell is half in comparison to the number of chromosomes in mother cells. This cell division occurs in reproductive cell. In details. i) Mi

--> Virus   Viruses are the micro-organisms. They can’t grow and persists outside the living cells. They are responsible for many diseases. So, they are called obligatory parasite. Virus has the characteristics of both living things and non-living things. So, they are kept in boarder line of living things and non-living things. Characteristics of virus that make it living being.  i) They contains genetic materials (DNA and RNA)  ii) They are responsible for many diseases.  iii) They can reproduce.  iv) They are formed of organic macromolecules. v) Some virus contains vitamin like riboflavin. Characteristics of virus that makes it non-living being.  i) They have nucleus and cytoplasm.  ii) They behave as inert chemicals outside the host cell.  iii) They don’t have energy producing structure. iv) They don’t ingest food like other organisms. Mode of transmission of virus  Virus is transmitted through the droplet of water from virus infected person to

Hereditary and evolutions Heredity: The process of transferring parental characteristics to their offspring is called heredity.  Genetics:  The branch of biology which deals about mechanism of heredity and variation is called genetics. ڢ Gregor Mendel is the scientist who studied about the mechanism of heredity. Mendel is called father of genetic. Mendel took pea plant in the experiment to study about the mechanism of heredity. Reasons for taking pea plant in the experiment are as follows.  i) It contains large number of alternating / contrasting character such as tall and draft, round seed and wrinkled seed.  ii) Their life spam is short.  iii) It is easy to cultivate. iv) Artificial cross pollination can be done in pea plant easily. Mendel’s experiment  To study about the mechanism of heredity, Mendel took tall and dwarf pea plant. He made artificial cross pollination between tall and dwarf pea plant. In the 1st generation , all the tree plant were