science note grade 10 virus
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Characteristics of virus that make it living being.
i) They contains genetic materials (DNA and RNA)
ii) They are responsible for many diseases.
iii) They can reproduce.
iv) They are formed of organic macromolecules.
v) Some virus contains vitamin like riboflavin.
Characteristics of virus that makes it non-living being.
i) They have nucleus and cytoplasm.
ii) They behave as inert chemicals outside the host cell.
iii) They don’t have energy producing structure.
iv) They don’t ingest food like other organisms.
Mode of transmission of virus
Virus is transmitted through the droplet of water from virus infected person to healthy person during coughing, talking and sneezing. The droplets of water form virus infected person get mixed in air with a healthy person breathe. Virus from that air enters inside his or her body and he/she starts to suffer from disease. It is also transmitted through water, food and blood transfusion. It is also transmitted through sexual intercourse and common share of syringes.
In the given figure, structure of bacteriophase of virus is shown; it contains head, neck and tail. Head is hexagonal in shape, neck is short and tail is long. The tails contains six tail fibre.
Capsid (protein coat)
The outermost membrane (layer) of virus which surrounds (protect) nucleonic acid (DNA and RNA)
Disease caused by Virus
i) Common cold
Name of virus: Rhino virus
Affected part: Upper part of respiratory track
Symptoms
i) Continuous flow of mucus from nose with frequent sneezing
ii) Low fever and headache
Preventive measures
i) Using handkerchief during coughing, talking and sneezing
ii) By avoiding common share of articles.
iii) Using boiled and clean water.
Mumps
Name of virus: Paramyxo virus
Affected part: Upper part of respiratory track, Salivary gland, testes of male.
Symptoms
i) Patient suffers from irregular fever.
ii) Swelling occurs around the neck and mouth.
Mode of transmission
i) Direct transmission occurs through the droplets of water from virus infected person to healthy person during coughing, talking and sneezing.
ii) Indirect transmission occurs through the articles used by infected person.
Preventive measures
i) Using handkerchief during coughing, talking and sneezing
ii) Burning or burying sputum and mucus.
iii) Vaccination is very much important to prevent the disease.
Measles
Name of virus: Paramyxo virus
Affected part: mouth, respiratory track skin and intestine etc.
Symptom
i) Pink colour rashes appear on the skin.
ii) Person suffers from high fever with coughing and sneezing.
iii) Earlier symptoms are fever and headache.
Mode of transmission
i) Direct transmission occurs through the droplets of water from virus infected person to healthy person during coughing, talking and sneezing.
ii) It is also transmitted to developing foetus through placenta.
iii) Indirect transmission occurs through the article used by infected person.
Preventive measures
i) Using handkerchief during coughing talking and sneezing.
ii) Vaccination should be provided at the age of 9 months.
Polio
Name of virus - polio virus
Affected part – Spinal cord, leg, intestine, blood pharynx etc.
Symptoms
i) Motor neurons, leg become paralyses.
ii) Headache and fever.
Mode of transmission
i) It transfers through contaminated food.
ii) It also transmits through intestinal discharge.
Preventive measures
i) Vaccine should be provided.
ii) Contaminated foods and drinks should be avoided.
Rabies
Name of virus – Rabies virus
Affected part – Brain and spinal cord
Symptoms
i) Person suffers from headache and high fever with alternate depression and excitements.
ii) Difficulties in swallowing liquid.
iii) A painful death occurs with barking in the last stage.
Mode of transmission
i) It is transmitted through the bite of rabid animal.
Preventive measures
i) By providing anti-rabies vaccine.
ii) Collecting and destroying stray dogs.
iii) Wound caused by bites should be cleaned with soap or detergent.
AIDS
Full form of AIDS – Acquired Immune Deficiency virus.
Name of virus – Retro virus (HIV)
Affected part – Brain, skull blood etc
Symptoms
i) Symptoms of many diseases.
ii) Loss of appetite.
iii) Rapid loss of body weight.
iv) sweating occurs at night.
Mode of transmission
i) It is transmitted through sexual intercourse with infected person
ii) It is transmitted by the use of contaminated syringe, needle and Razor.
iii) It is transmitted through from virus infected mother to child during birth.
iv) It is also transmitted by blood transmission.
Preventive measures
i) Avoiding sexual contact with prostitutes.
ii) Using condom during sexual contact.
iii) Providing proper sex education to students and all other concern persons.
Q) AIDS itself not a disease? Justifyss this statement.
ڢ AIDS just reduce the immune power of the person.
Virus
Viruses are the micro-organisms. They can’t grow and persists outside the living cells. They are responsible for many diseases. So, they are called obligatory parasite. Virus has the characteristics of both living things and non-living things. So, they are kept in boarder line of living things and non-living things.Characteristics of virus that make it living being.
i) They contains genetic materials (DNA and RNA)
ii) They are responsible for many diseases.
iii) They can reproduce.
iv) They are formed of organic macromolecules.
v) Some virus contains vitamin like riboflavin.
Characteristics of virus that makes it non-living being.
i) They have nucleus and cytoplasm.
ii) They behave as inert chemicals outside the host cell.
iii) They don’t have energy producing structure.
iv) They don’t ingest food like other organisms.
Mode of transmission of virus
Virus is transmitted through the droplet of water from virus infected person to healthy person during coughing, talking and sneezing. The droplets of water form virus infected person get mixed in air with a healthy person breathe. Virus from that air enters inside his or her body and he/she starts to suffer from disease. It is also transmitted through water, food and blood transfusion. It is also transmitted through sexual intercourse and common share of syringes.
In the given figure, structure of bacteriophase of virus is shown; it contains head, neck and tail. Head is hexagonal in shape, neck is short and tail is long. The tails contains six tail fibre.
Capsid (protein coat)
The outermost membrane (layer) of virus which surrounds (protect) nucleonic acid (DNA and RNA)
Disease caused by Virus
i) Common cold
Name of virus: Rhino virus
Affected part: Upper part of respiratory track
Symptoms
i) Continuous flow of mucus from nose with frequent sneezing
ii) Low fever and headache
Preventive measures
i) Using handkerchief during coughing, talking and sneezing
ii) By avoiding common share of articles.
iii) Using boiled and clean water.
Mumps
Name of virus: Paramyxo virus
Affected part: Upper part of respiratory track, Salivary gland, testes of male.
Symptoms
i) Patient suffers from irregular fever.
ii) Swelling occurs around the neck and mouth.
Mode of transmission
i) Direct transmission occurs through the droplets of water from virus infected person to healthy person during coughing, talking and sneezing.
ii) Indirect transmission occurs through the articles used by infected person.
Preventive measures
i) Using handkerchief during coughing, talking and sneezing
ii) Burning or burying sputum and mucus.
iii) Vaccination is very much important to prevent the disease.
Measles
Name of virus: Paramyxo virus
Affected part: mouth, respiratory track skin and intestine etc.
Symptom
i) Pink colour rashes appear on the skin.
ii) Person suffers from high fever with coughing and sneezing.
iii) Earlier symptoms are fever and headache.
Mode of transmission
i) Direct transmission occurs through the droplets of water from virus infected person to healthy person during coughing, talking and sneezing.
ii) It is also transmitted to developing foetus through placenta.
iii) Indirect transmission occurs through the article used by infected person.
Preventive measures
i) Using handkerchief during coughing talking and sneezing.
ii) Vaccination should be provided at the age of 9 months.
Polio
Name of virus - polio virus
Affected part – Spinal cord, leg, intestine, blood pharynx etc.
Symptoms
i) Motor neurons, leg become paralyses.
ii) Headache and fever.
Mode of transmission
i) It transfers through contaminated food.
ii) It also transmits through intestinal discharge.
Preventive measures
i) Vaccine should be provided.
ii) Contaminated foods and drinks should be avoided.
Rabies
Name of virus – Rabies virus
Affected part – Brain and spinal cord
Symptoms
i) Person suffers from headache and high fever with alternate depression and excitements.
ii) Difficulties in swallowing liquid.
iii) A painful death occurs with barking in the last stage.
Mode of transmission
i) It is transmitted through the bite of rabid animal.
Preventive measures
i) By providing anti-rabies vaccine.
ii) Collecting and destroying stray dogs.
iii) Wound caused by bites should be cleaned with soap or detergent.
AIDS
Full form of AIDS – Acquired Immune Deficiency virus.
Name of virus – Retro virus (HIV)
Affected part – Brain, skull blood etc
Symptoms
i) Symptoms of many diseases.
ii) Loss of appetite.
iii) Rapid loss of body weight.
iv) sweating occurs at night.
Mode of transmission
i) It is transmitted through sexual intercourse with infected person
ii) It is transmitted by the use of contaminated syringe, needle and Razor.
iii) It is transmitted through from virus infected mother to child during birth.
iv) It is also transmitted by blood transmission.
Preventive measures
i) Avoiding sexual contact with prostitutes.
ii) Using condom during sexual contact.
iii) Providing proper sex education to students and all other concern persons.
Q) AIDS itself not a disease? Justifyss this statement.
ڢ AIDS just reduce the immune power of the person.
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