science note acidimetry and alkalimetry


Acidimetry / Alkalimetry
It is a type of volumetric analysis. It is based on neutralization reaction. If the concentration of acid is to be determinded, certain volume of acid is taken in conical flask, which is allowed to react with standard solution of alkali which is taken in burette. The volume of alkali required for complete reaction is determined. The completion of reaction is detected by using a indicator. Therefore by using equation V1N1=V2N2, we can calculate the concentration of acid.
 In short, Acidimetry is the process of determining the concentration of acid by reacting it with standard solution of alkali.
Similarly, Alkalimetry is the process of determining the concentration of Alkali by tit rating it with standard solution of acid.
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Principal of volumetric analysis
  During chemical reaction, substances react in definite ration of their equivalent weight. Hence principle of volumetric analysis is supposed to be based on chemical equivalent (eq. wt) of substance. During complete reactionL
No. of gm equivalent of acid=No. of gm equivalent of base -------(i)

Normality of acid =   ( No. of gm eq. of acid ) / (vloume of acid solution (in litre))
so, No. of gm equivalent of acid= Normality for acid X volume of acid solution (in lit)

Similarly.
No of gm equivalent of base= Normality for base X volume of base solution (in lit)

Let us represent normality for acid by N1, Normality of base by N2 and v1 and v2 be their respective volume then
V1N1=V2N2
Note: for numerical purpose:
(i) concentration must always be expressed in Normality.
(ii) The unit for volume must be same both for v1 and v2. This equation can be applied not only for             neutralization but is also valid when certain solution is diluted.
(iii) If the volume of both solution is give, use the equation V1N1=V2N2.
(iv) If weight of acid or base or acid is given then simply use the relation
      1gm  eq. of acid=1gm eq. of base
here, 1 gm eq.= Equivalent weight of substance(in gm)
(v) If volume of acid is given and wt. of base is given then use the relation
     1000ml 1N acid=1gm eq. of base

W/E=NV/1000

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